Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) is a bioprocessing technique that combines enzyme-driven breakdown of complex carbohydrates with microbial fermentation in a single step. This process, widely used in agriculture and environmental industries, can streamline biofuel and biochemical production, potentially reducing costs and processing time compared to traditional methods.

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) is a bioprocessing technique that combines enzyme-driven breakdown of complex carbohydrates with microbial fermentation in a single step. This process, widely used in agriculture and environmental industries, can streamline biofuel and biochemical production, potentially reducing costs and processing time compared to traditional methods.
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)

Applications and outputs of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) 

SSF is primarily used in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass, such as agricultural residues and wood chips. Cellulase enzymes break down complex carbohydrates into simple sugars, which microorganisms like yeast immediately consume for fermentation.

This technique also produces lactic acid, a versatile chemical with diverse industrial applications. Lactic acid is used in food preservation, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and as a precursor for biodegradable plastics. It serves as a platform molecule for various chemical products. SSF can also treat organic waste and convert it into valuable products. 

Depending on the substrate and microorganisms used, SSF's main outputs include ethanol, organic acids, and other biochemicals. By combining two steps, SSF can reduce equipment costs and minimize end-product inhibition of enzymes, leading to higher yields in some cases. However, optimizing conditions for both saccharification and fermentation simultaneously can be challenging. 


Challenges in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation

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Temperature optimization

Temperature optimization in SSF requires careful balance, as optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis often differ from those for microbial fermentation. Maintaining precise temperature control is critical to maximize both enzyme efficiency and microbial productivity. Advanced temperature regulation systems can help achieve this delicate equilibrium, potentially improving overall process yields.

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Substrate mixing and mass transfer

Effective substrate mixing in SSF is crucial, especially with solid or high-viscosity materials like lignocellulosic biomass. Uniform distribution of enzymes and microorganisms ensures efficient hydrolysis and fermentation. However, aggressive mixing can damage cells or denature enzymes. Specialized agitation systems, designed for gentle yet thorough mixing, can significantly improve mass transfer and substrate accessibility while preserving microbial and enzymatic activity.

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Real-time analytics and process control

Real-time monitoring in SSF involves tracking multiple parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and substrate concentration. Integrating data from various sensors allows for rapid detection of suboptimal conditions. Advanced bioprocess control systems can implement feedback loops, automatically adjusting process parameters to maintain optimal conditions. This real-time control can significantly enhance process consistency, efficiency, and product yield, while reducing operator workload and potential human error.

Inline SVG icon

Temperature optimization

Temperature optimization in SSF requires careful balance, as optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis often differ from those for microbial fermentation. Maintaining precise temperature control is critical to maximize both enzyme efficiency and microbial productivity. Advanced temperature regulation systems can help achieve this delicate equilibrium, potentially improving overall process yields.

Inline SVG icon

Substrate mixing and mass transfer

Effective substrate mixing in SSF is crucial, especially with solid or high-viscosity materials like lignocellulosic biomass. Uniform distribution of enzymes and microorganisms ensures efficient hydrolysis and fermentation. However, aggressive mixing can damage cells or denature enzymes. Specialized agitation systems, designed for gentle yet thorough mixing, can significantly improve mass transfer and substrate accessibility while preserving microbial and enzymatic activity.

Inline SVG icon

Real-time analytics and process control

Real-time monitoring in SSF involves tracking multiple parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and substrate concentration. Integrating data from various sensors allows for rapid detection of suboptimal conditions. Advanced bioprocess control systems can implement feedback loops, automatically adjusting process parameters to maintain optimal conditions. This real-time control can significantly enhance process consistency, efficiency, and product yield, while reducing operator workload and potential human error.

INFORS HT solutions for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation


Labfors 5 bioreactor for solid substrates and enzymatic bioprocesses

The Labfors 5 bioreactor provides precise temperature control, specialized agitation for thorough mixing without damaging components, and real-time monitoring of critical parameters. These features enable researchers to optimize SSF processes, potentially improving yields and consistency in bioethanol and biochemical production. 

eve® bioprocess platform software

The eve® bioprocess platform software enhances SSF process management by integrating data from multiple sensors and equipment. It allows real-time monitoring of critical parameters and enables automated adjustments to maintain optimal conditions. The software facilitates comprehensive data analysis, helping researchers identify trends and optimize processes. This integrated approach can lead to improved consistency, efficiency, and product yields in SSF applications. 

Blog article

Single cell protein (SCP) production from industrial by-products using repeated Fed-batch

A cross-interdisciplinary collaboration is increasing the sustainable value creation in Norwegian aquaculture and agriculture by using industrial by-products as a nutrient source for yeast-based Single Cell Protein (SCP). The microbial ingredient is used as a high-value locally produced protein source in animal feed with health-promoting components. But how to meet the demand for more biomass? The success story of the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) shows us a way to increase production capacity.

Consult with our experts

Reach out today to speak to a sales representative to learn how INFORS HT products and services and help optimize your solid substrates and enzymatic bioprocesses.

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